ABSTRACT
Os primeiros relatos de infecção pelo vírus SARS-CoV-2 ocorreram no final do ano de 2019. A infecção e o desenvolvimento da doença COVID-19 estão diretamente relacionados com as características particulares do indivíduo, como sexo, idade e comorbidades. Ademais, indivíduos que possuíam algum tipo de doença crônica, expressaram uma maior taxa de complicações decorrente da infecção. O presente estudo teve como objetivo verificar a prevalência de comorbidades em indivíduos infectados por COVID- 19 no município de Jaraguá do Sul, Santa Catarina no período de março de 2020 a dezembro de 2021. A pesquisa apresentou um delineamento transversal, descritivo, analítico e de abordagem quantitativa, realizada por meio de dados secundários utilizando o sistema de informação Olostech da Secretaria de Saúde do Município. Os resultados mostraram que 40.010 sujeitos foram infectados no período do estudo, destes 39.574 (98,9%) foram recuperados e 436 foram a óbito (1,1%). Observou-se no grupo recuperados a predominância do sexo feminino (52,3%) e no de óbitos o sexo masculino (59,2%). A faixa etária predominante no grupo de recuperados foi a de 20-59 anos (n=31.636; 79,9%) e no grupo de óbitos foi maior ou igual a 60 anos (n=269; 61,7%). No ano de 2021 ocorreram mais casos de recuperados (n=26.040; 65,1%) e óbitos (n=342; 78,4%) quando comparados ao ano de 2020. A média de idade no grupo de recuperados foi 37,5 ± 15,8 anos e no grupo de óbitos foi 63,2 ± 15,7 anos. Os dados mostraram o perfil dos inidvíduos infectados e a prevalência das principais doenças crônicas: hipertensão, diabetes e obesidade. Sugerem-se ações e estratégias voltadas a minimizar estas comorbidades, objetivando a melhor qualidade de vida dos indivíduos deste município.
The first reports of SARS-CoV-2 virus infection occurred in late 2019. Infection and the development of COVID-19 disease are directly related to the particular characteristics of the individual, such as gender, age, and comorbidities. Moreover, indi- viduals who had some type of chronic disease expressed a higher rate of complications arising from the infection. This study aimed to verify the prevalence of comorbidities in individuals infected by COVID-19 in the city of Jaraguá do Sul/SC from March 2020 to December 2021. The research presented a cross-sectional, descriptive, analytical design with a quantitative approach, carried out through secondary data using the Olostech in- formation system of the Health Department of the municipality. The results showed that 40,010 subjects were infected during the study period, of which 39,574 (98.9%) were recovered and 436 died (1.1%). It was observed a predominance of females in the recov- ered group (52.3%) and males in the deceased group (59.2%). The predominant age group in the group of recovered patients was 20-59 years (n=31,636; 79.9%) and in the group of deaths it was 60 years or older (n=269; 61.7%). In the year 2021 there were more cases of recovered (n=26,040; 65.1%) and deaths (n=342; 78.4%) when compared to the year 2020. The mean age in the recovered group was 37.5 ± 15.8 years and in the death group was 63.2 ± 15.7 years. The data showed the profile of infected individuals and the prev- alence of the main chronic diseases: hypertension, diabetes and obesity. We suggest ac- tions and strategies aimed at minimizing these comorbidities, aiming at a better quality of life for individuals in this city.
Los primeros informes de infección por el virus SARS-CoV-2 se produje- ron a finales de 2019. La infección y el desarrollo de la enfermedad por COVID-19 están directamente relacionados con las características particulares del individuo, como el sexo, la edad y las comorbilidades. Además, los individuos que presentaban algún tipo de enfer- medad crónica expresaron una mayor tasa de complicaciones derivadas de la infección. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo verificar la prevalencia de comorbilidades en individuos infectados por COVID-19 en la ciudad de Jaraguá do Sul/SC de marzo de 2020 a diciem- bre de 2021. La investigación presentó un diseño transversal, descriptivo, analítico, con abordaje cuantitativo, realizado a través de datos secundarios utilizando el sistema de in- formación Olostech de la Secretaría de Salud del municipio. Los resultados mostraron que 40.010 sujetos fueron infectados durante el período de estudio, de los cuales 39.574 (98,9%) fueron recuperados y 436 fallecieron (1,1%). Se observó un predominio de mu- jeres en el grupo recuperado (52,3%) y de hombres en el grupo fallecido (59,2%). El grupo de edad predominante en el grupo de pacientes recuperados fue de 20-59 años (n=31.636; 79,9%) y en el grupo de fallecidos fue de 60 años o más (n=269; 61,7%). En el año 2021 hubo más casos de recuperados (n=26.040; 65,1%) y fallecidos (n=342; 78,4%) en comparación con el año 2020. La edad media en el grupo de recuperados fue de 37,5 ± 15,8 años y en el grupo de fallecidos fue de 63,2 ± 15,7 años. Los datos mostra- ron el perfil de los individuos infectados y la prevalencia de las principales enfermedades crónicas: hipertensión, diabetes y obesidad. Sugerimos acciones y estrategias dirigidas a minimizar estas comorbilidades, visando una mejor calidad de vida de los individuos de esta ciudad.
Subject(s)
Humans , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Patients , Comorbidity , Prevalence , COVID-19/diagnosis , COVID-19/epidemiology , Health Profile , Diabetes Mellitus , Health Services Research , Hypertension , ObesityABSTRACT
RESUMEN Con el objetivo de determinar las características clínicas y epidemiológicas de los pacientes con infarto de miocardio agudo (IMA), se realizó un estudio descriptivo en 175 pacientes de un hospital peruano de referencia. La edad promedio de los pacientes fue de 68,7 años y el 74,8% fueron de sexo masculino. La principal estrategia de reperfusión utilizada fue la angioplastia coronaria transluminal percutánea + stent, aunque su uso primario resultó ser bajo; además, el porcentaje de revascularización quirúrgica fue alto. Casi el 60% de los pacientes tuvo una estancia hospitalaria mayor a siete días. La mortalidad intra hospitalaria fue de 3,4%, siendo el shock cardiogénico la causa más frecuente de muerte. Se concluye que el IMA afecta principalmente a varones mayores de 60 años y que la principal estrategia de reperfusión es la angioplastia, además, los tiempos para la realización de la reperfusión son mayores a lo recomendado con porcentajes altos de revascularización quirúrgica.
ABSTRACT To determine the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients with acute myocardial infarc tion, a descriptive study was conducted in 175 patients in a referral hospital in Lima. The average age of the patients was 68.7 ± 10.8 years and 74.8% were male. The main reperfusion strategy used was percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty + stent, however, the use of primary angioplasty was low (19.5% of patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction). Time to reperfusion therapies (angio plasty or fibrinolysis) were longer than recommended and the percentage of surgical revascularization was high. Almost 60% of the patients had a length of stay longer than seven days. In-hospital mortality was 3.4%, with cardiogenic shock being the most frequent cause of death. Myocardial infarction mainly affects men over 60 years, the clinical and epidemiological variables are like other regional reports. The main reperfusion strategy is angioplasty, although the use of primary angioplasty is low. Time to perfor ming reperfusion is longer than recommended and the percentage of surgical revascularization is high.
Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Myocardial Infarction , Peru/epidemiology , Referral and Consultation , Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary , Hospital Mortality , Myocardial Infarction/therapy , Myocardial Infarction/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the chlorhexidine acetate-resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae ( K. pneumoniae) clinical isolates and to analyze the possible mechanisms and molecular epidemiology of re-sistant isolates. Methods A total of 332 K. pneumoniae clinical isolates were collected in the First Affilia-ted Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University in 2015. Standard agar dilution was used to screen chlorhexidine acetate-resistant isolates. The minimum inhibition concentrations ( MIC) of chlorhexidine acetate to resistant isolates with and without the presence of carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone ( CCCP) , which was an efflux pump inhibitor, were analyzed. Efflux pump genes of cepA, qacE and qacΔE1 that carried by and ex-pressed in those isolates were detected by polymerase chain reaction ( PCR) and quantitative real-time PCR ( RT-qPCR) , respectively. The biofilm formation ability was measured by crystal violet staining. The homol-ogy among the chlorhexidine acetate-resistant isolates was investigated with multilocus sequence typing ( MLST) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis ( PFGE) . Results Twenty-five K. pneumoniae strains were re-sistant to chlorhexidine acetate. The MIC values of chlorhexidine acetate for them were reduced by at least four-fold in the presence of CCCP. Strains carrying the genes of cepA, qacE and qacΔE1 accounted for 100％, 40％ and 40％, respectively. The expression of the efflux pump genes in the chlorhexidine acetate-resistant isolates was higher than that in the susceptible isolates. The biofilm formation ability of the chlo-rhexidine acetate-resistant isolates was better than that of the susceptible isolates. Furthermore, negative, weak-positive and positive biofilm formation ability was observed in four ( 16％) , 20 ( 80％) and one (4％) strains, respectively. The results of MLST and PFGE showed that the 25 chlorhexidine acetate-resist-ant isolates belonged to 19 different sequence types ( ST) with diverse PFGE patterns. Conclusions This study suggested that active efflux was the main mechanism of chlorhexidine acetate resistance in K. pneumoni-ae. The 25 chlorhexidine acetate-resistant K. pneumoniae strains possessed different biofilm formation ability and shared low homology.
ABSTRACT
We investigated epidemiological characteristic of scrub typhus in Yongshan County,Yunnan Province,China. The serum samples were collected from the patients with fever for detecting the antibody against Orientia tsutsugamsushi (Ot) by colloidal gold immunoassay assay.Rat traps were used to capture rodents.The spleen tissues of the captured rodents were detected by nested-polymerase chain reaction for rickettsia groEL segment.The groEL segments were sequenced and analyzed the homology with the other known sequences.Thirty-four scrub typhus cases were found in Yongshan County,Yunnan Prov-ince from May 2015 to October 2015.Among them,21 cases were confirmed by laboratory tests and 13 cases were clinical di-agnosis diseases.Of these patients,32.35% of the cases occurred in June.The 32.35% were in the group of the 40-49 year-old,and 79.41% were farmers,94.12% exhibited eschar or skin ulcer(31.25% were observed in groin of these cases),and rash developed in 50%.In 39 spleen tissue samples of Rattus flavipectus,9 samples showed positive for groEL gene Ot,but gro-EL gene of Typhus group rickettsia and spotted fever group rickettsia were negative.Sequence analysis showed that YSP30 was closely related to some Saitama related strains of Ot,such as HSB1,FAR1 and UAP4,while the other 8 strains were closely related to some Karp related strains of Ot,such as UT213,UT221 and SH205.It was confirmed that the Yongshan County was the natural foci of scrub typhus by the serological and molecular biological detections.There are Karp and Saitama genotype related Ots in the natural foci.